research
Calculating Applied Media Force During Vibratory Finishing
What appear to be identically set-up vibratory bowls will finish identical loads of parts in varying time cycles. This paper offers a new technique to better predict what the operator will produce, by measuring the force applied to the parts. It is the efficiency of that force which controls the efficiency and speed of the refinement cycle.
Decorative Trivalent Chromium Deposits Applied by Barrel Electroplating
With the wide acceptance of the benefits of decorative trivalent chromium plating, there is a growing demand to successfully adapt this technology to barrel plating. Traditionally, trivalent chromium deposits were not commercially viable using barrel electroplating. Factors such as barrel design, cathode contact, anode placement and current density must be considered when providing a trivalent chromium barrel electrodeposit. This presentation outlines trivalent deposits applied in a barrel and examines variables in operating and electrolyte compositions.
Read MoreElectro-codeposition of MCrAlY Coatings for Advanced Gas Turbine Applications - 8th Quarterly Research Report
This NASF-AESF Foundation research project report covers the eighth quarter of project work (October-December 2019) on AESF Foundation Research at Tennessee Tech. The objective of the work is to study and optimize the MCrAlY electro-codeposition process to improve the coating oxidation/corrosion performance. In this quarter, the effects of particle density and shape on codeposition were studied. The results show that the shape of the particles plays an important role.
Read MoreCorrelation Between Electrochemical Behavior and Neutral Salt Fog Corrosion on TCP Coated AA2024
Differences in open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel analysis were observed and quantified between the best- and worst-performing processes.
Read MoreBest Plating Practices for the Application of Brush Plated Zinc-Nickel
Brush plating is an industrial electroplating process designed for demanding OEM and repair applications, without the use of an immersion tank. This presentation demonstrates the best practices for brush plating zinc-nickel to meet the ASTM standards of hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion protection. From preparatory steps to the application of a trivalent chromium conversion coating, the proper plating techniques needed to meet the customers’ demanding requirements are discussed.
Read MoreNanostructure of Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide: Advances in Surface Engineering
Porous alumina membranes of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) are widely used for the fabrication of various nanostructures and nanodevices. Over the last decade, nanowires, nanotubes and nanodot arrays, have been fabricated by the deposition of various metals, semiconductors, oxides and polymers inside the pores of AAO membranes. These structures are produced by changing the anodization conditions, during electrochemically self -ordering of AAO. One can obtain amorphous barrier-type oxides, crystalline barrier-type oxides or amorphous nanoporous oxides, but fabricating binary nanostructures is challenging. Here, we review methods to achieve diverse binary nanostructure arrays, including material, dimension and morphology.
Read MoreElectrochemical Destruction of Perfluorooctanesulfonate in Electroplating Wastewaters - 1st & 2nd Quarterly Report
This is the first report on a new NASF-AESF Foundation research project dealing with PFAS - a critical issue for the surface finishing industry. The project will study an electrochemical, destructive treatment strategy for the remediation of relevant PFASs in electroplating wastewater. The overall objective is to utilize a cost-effective reactive electrochemical membrane (REM) for the removal of PFAS from synthetic electroplating wastewater.
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Material Database Enables Coating Thickness Measurement Without Calibration
The database from Coatmaster AG has calibrations of over 400 different RAL colors.
Improved Process Capabilities for Groove Repair
Advanced selective plating techniques have been developed for the challenging application of repairing internal grooves that have experienced severe corrosion. Many groove configurations require uniform, high-thickness deposition of a plated deposit onto any, or all, of the surfaces with a minimal need for intermediate machining steps. This paper demonstrates how a combination of an engineered, wrap-less anode design along with optimized computer controlled operating parameters has led to reduced downtime, high quality and repeatable selective plating repairs.
Read MoreLaser-Induced Selective Deposition on Metal Using Electroless Gold
Originally published as H.R. Khan, M.U. Kittel and Ch. J. Raub, Plating and Surface Finishing, 75 (8), 58-64 (1988), this paper was awarded the 1989 AESF Gold Medal. The idea was to see if shining a laser on the substrate during electroless gold plating had any significant effect. The results are presented here.
Read MoreElectrocodeposition of MCrAlY Coatings for Advanced Gas Turbine Applications - 7th Quarterly Research Report
This NASF-AESF Foundation research project report covers the seventh quarter of project work (July-September 2019) on the AESF Foundation Research project at the Tennessee Technological University. The objective of the work is to study and optimize the MCrAlY electro-codeposition process to improve the coating oxidation/corrosion performance. In this quarter, the effect of the particle size of gas-atomized CrAlY powders on electro-codeposited Ni-CrAlY composite coatings was studied.
Read MoreUnderstanding Compliance Inspection using the 6Ps Model
Staff from the City of Los Angeles Sanitation Department’s Bureau of Sanitation’s Industrial Waste Management Division, explain how metal finishers can utilize the 6Ps Model.
Read MoreTroubleshooting Chromium Conversion Coatings on Aluminum
This paper provides processors with an extensive troubleshooting tool when conversion coating failures are encountered.
Read MoreElectrocodeposition of MCrAlY Coatings for Advanced Gas Turbine Applications - 6th Quarterly Research Report
This NASF-AESF Foundation research project report covers the sixth quarter of project work (April-June 2019) on this AESF Foundation Research project at the Tennessee Technological University.
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Qualitative Approach to Pulse Plating
In 1986, the AESF published Theory and Practice of Pulse Plating, edited by Jean Claude Puippe and Frank Leaman, the world’s first textbook on pulse plating. A compendium of chapters written by experts in this then-emerging field, the book quickly became the authoritative text in pulse plating. What follows here is the opening chapter, serving as an introduction to the field. Although the field has grown immensely in the intervening 35 years, the reader will find that the material remains a valuable introduction to those looking to advance the field of pulse plating.
Biological Wastewater Treatment for Industrial Applications
With tightening limits on nutrients and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), is a small scale biological system right for your industrial facility?
Read MoreBlack Chromium Finishing: Beauty and the Beast
Over the past 10 years, there has been commercial development of black chromium deposits from a trivalent chromium electrolyte. This paper will review the deposit characteristics and operational consideration of these similar, but different chromium plating deposits.
Read MoreAn Improvement in the Zincate Method for Plating on Aluminum
Investigations were conducted into the sodium zincate solution used for treating aluminum prior to its being plated. Measurements of the adhesion of the nickel plate to aluminum and its alloys were done to check the effect of modifications made to this solution.
Read MoreBeyond Ni/Au: Next Generation Corrosion-Resistant Finishes for Electronics Applications
This paper describes several next-generation approaches to increasing the corrosion-resistance of electroplated articles using various methods in the search for finishes to replace the Ni/Au industry standard.
Read MoreToward Automatic Control of Nickel Plating Processes
Technological advances in electronics manufacturing and the design of automobiles have brought about a trend toward very narrow specifications and increasingly stringent requirements on the quality of electrodeposited layers of nickel.
Read MoreSelf-Induced Repair of Printed Circuit Boards
This is a re-publication of the 1992 AESF Gold Medal Award paper for best paper published in Plating & Surface Finishing in 1991. It introduces a then-new technique for repairing near-opens (constrictions) in the wiring on printed circuit boards has been developed.
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Enhancing the Corrosion Resistance of Electroless Nickel with TCP
Ronatec and CHEMEON have achieved promising early results for bolstering electroless nickel corrosion resistance through the application of a trivalent chromium pretreatment (TCP) top coat.
Surface Finishing in the 2000s - As Predicted in 1992
In the December 1992 issue of Plating and Surface Finishing, a series of articles was published, predicting the future of the global surface finishing industry in the 21st century, then due to arrive in less than a decade.
Read MoreImpact of Intermetallic Species on Cast Aluminum Alloys for Anodizing Applications
Alloys with higher silicon concentrations can inhibit the growth of anodic oxide films under galvanostatic and potentiostatic conditions.
Read MoreThe Relationship Between Vickers Hardness and Universal Hardness
The Vickers indenter hardness test, based on indenter displacement under test load (universal hardness), is being used for an increasing number of applications. The new method is also subject to much discussion among the experts. An important question is the relationship or the degree of correlation between the new universal hardness test and the classic Vickers hardness test.
Read MoreEvaluation of a Simple Thin-Film Ductility Tester and Review of the Ductility of Nickel Sulfamate Deposits
Originally published in 1992, this paper addressed a critical issue in the science of electroforming, that of the measurement and control of deposit ductility.
Read MoreElectrocodeposition of MCrAlY Coatings for Advanced Gas Turbine Applications - 5th Quarterly Research Report
The objective of the work is to study and optimize the MCrAlY electrocodeposition process to improve the coating oxidation/corrosion performance. In this quarter, work focused on preparation and characterization of CrAlY-based alloy powders for the planned research activities in Task 2: The Effect of CrAlY Particle size on CrAlY Particle Incorporation.
Read MoreAdvancements in Brush Plated Metal Matrix Composites
Finding safer, eco-friendly alternatives to hard chromium plating has been a main driver of brush electroplating research for the last decade.
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